Single intratesticular injection of blood-serum-derived exosomes can potentially alleviate testopathy following testicular torsion.

BACKGROUND: Testicular torsion (TT) is an acute inflammatory process leading to male infertility. Today, anti-inflammatory effects of exosomes derived from blood serum are used in various laboratory procedures. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of blood-serum-derived exosomes in treatment of acute inflammation following TT in mice were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen male mice were grouped as healthy control, TT, and TT + exosome. TT was induced surgically, and exosomes were extracted from blood serum and administrated by a single intratesticular injection (10 IU). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Griess assays were used to evaluate the level of oxidative stress. Sperm indices, testosterone (Tes), and apoptotic gene expression (p-53, Bcl2, and Caspase-3) were also assessed. H&E and immunohistochemistry (IHC) stainings were used for histopathological investigations. Data analysis was applied by SPSS (v.19) software. RESULTS: Oxidative stress and apoptotic genes expression were increased significantly (p < 0.05) in TT group compared with control. Sperm parameters and Tes were significantly increased, and expression of apoptotic genes was significantly reduced in TT + exosome group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Since the blood-serum-derived exosomes have anti-inflammatory features, the intratesticular application of blood-serum-derived exosomes can be used clinically in acute phase of orchitis following TT to inhibit testicular inflammation.

Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis on orchitis following spermatic cord torsion-detorsion in male mice with emphasis on anti- inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Orchitis as inflammation of testis occurs following traumatic injuries such as testicular torsion leading to high levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. Rosmarinus officinalis is a herb with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study assessed therapeutic effects of rosemary following testicular torsion. A total of 36 male mice were categorised; control, torsion, rosemary (100 and 200 mg/kg) and torsion+rosemary groups. Torsion was induced surgically, and rosemary was gavaged. Total antioxidant capacity of extract was approved by Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma. Malondialdehyde and Griess protocols were hired to assess oxidative stress. Finally, sperm parameters and testosterone levels were analysed. Immunofluorescent (of Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha), hematoxylin and eosin stainings and expression of inflammatory genes (Interleukin-1α, Interleukin-1ß, Interferon-γ) were also assessed. Data were analysed using SPSS (v. 19), and graphs were drawn by GraphPad Prism (v. 9). Significantly (p < .05), oxidative stress indices and inflammatory genes expression were increased in torsion group, and total antioxidant capacity was increased in rosemary groups. In torsion+rosemary groups, total antioxidant capacity, sperm parameters and testosterone levels were increased, and inflammatory gene expression decreased significantly (p < .05). Rosemary with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties accelerates testicular healing in torsion cases, especially in therapeutic dose of 200 mg/kg.